Nearly a century of wondering: The American UFO saga, in reality and in fiction

UFOs, or the notion of them, have been around a long time. Here's a look at how the various iterations of the subject — from government investigations to sightings to movies and TV — have unfolded since World War II:

Associated Press

1947: First widely reported UFO sighting in US

On June 24, private pilot Kenneth A. Arnoldreports seeingnine objects flying near Mount Rainier in Washington state. His was the first widely reported UFO sighting in this country and set off a wave of other reported sightings. On July 2, A ranch foreman checking on sheep finds strange debris spread over a prairie nearRoswell, New Mexico. Authorities initially say the material is from a flying disc, but later say it is from a weather balloon.

1948: Official government investigation begins

U.S. Air Force launches Project Sign, an investigation into UFOs; renamed Project Blue Book in 1953. More than 12,600 reported sightings were investigated between 1948 and 1969.

1950: Hollywood jumps in

Release of the spy film "The Flying Saucer."

1952: Unexplained objects above Washington

Radar operators, pilots and others pick up or see up to a dozen unexplained objects in the sky above Washington, D.C. in July.

1955: Area 51 construction starts

Construction begins for what would become the Area 51 site northwest of Las Vegas as an Air Force facility.Area 51becomes a hotspot for UFO conspiracy theories. In 2013, the CIA acknowledged the existence of the site.

1957: Widespread Texas sightings

In November, dozens of people in Levelland, Texas, west of Lubbock, report strange lights in the sky that interfered with their vehicles and lights.

1966: The final frontier

In September, "Star Trek" premieres on NBC, launching the most enduring space drama in history.

1969: Air Force says no ETs found

Dec. 17: Air Force says it found no evidence of any UFO that was extraterrestrial in nature or that threatened national security; terminates Project Blue Book.

1977: Spielberg gets in on it

Steven Spielberg's "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" released.

1980: Unexplained lights seen above London

U.S. Air Force personnel stationed in Great Britain report seeing strange lights above Rendlesham Forest, northeast of London, in December. Officers reportedly see a metallic object in the forest after investigating the lights.

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1982: The iconic Gen-X alien emerges on film

Spielberg's "E.T. the Extraterrestrial" is released.

1996: The epic cinematic 'alien invasion'

Roland Emmerich's "Independence Day" is released.

1997: UFO reported in Arizona

Residents report seeing lights from a large flying object in the sky over or near Phoenix in March.

2015: 'Unidentified blob'

U.S. aviators track an unidentified blobwhich was dubbed "Gofast." In another video from that year, labeled "Gimbal," an unexplained object is tracked as it soars high along the clouds, traveling against the wind. "There's a whole fleet of them," one naval aviator tells another, though only one indistinct object is shown. "It's rotating." The videos are leaked and later released by the Pentagon.

2019: Declassified footage deemed unidentified

Navy acknowledges the three clips of declassified military footage as unidentified aerial phenomena.

2020: UAP team assembled

Pentagon announces aUAP (unidentified aerial phenomena) Task Force.

2021: Big review of cases produces no definitive ET links

Investigators say in a U.S. governmentreportthat they did not find extraterrestrial links in reviewing 144 sightings of aircraft or other devices apparently flying at mysterious speeds or trajectories. They highlighted the need for better data collection.

2022: Governmental action on multiple fronts

Congress holds first hearingin 50 years on UFOs following reports of unexplained aerial phenomena by the military. Lawmakers from both parties say UFOs are a national security concern.NASA announcesthat it is launching a study of UFOs as part of a new push toward high-risk, high-impact science. The space agency says it's setting up an independent team to see how much information is publicly available on the matter and how much more is needed. The agencyreleases its findings in 2023, saying the study of UFOs will require new scientific techniques, including advanced satellites as well as a shift in how unidentified flying objects are perceived. The All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) set up in the Pentagon to track reports of unidentified objects in the sky, under water and in space.

2023: Concealment alleged by former Air Force officer

Former Air Force intelligence officer David Gruschtestifies before a House Oversight subcommitteein July that the U.S. is concealing a longstanding program that retrieves and reverse-engineers unidentified flying objects. The Pentagon denies it's concealing any such program.

2024: No evidence indicated

New Pentagon study that examined reported sightings of UFOs over nearly the last centuryfinds no evidenceof aliens or extraterrestrial intelligence. The study from the Defense Department's All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office analyzed U.S. government investigations since 1945 of reported sightings of unidentified anomalous phenomena. It found no evidence that any of those claims were actually signs of alien life, or that the U.S. government and private companies had reverse-engineered extraterrestrial technology and were hiding it.

2026: A flurry of government developments

—Feb. 14: Former U.S. President Barack Obama, answering a question about "are aliens real" on a podcast, says, "They're real. But I haven't seen them. And, they're not being kept in Area 51." Obama later released thisstatement on social media: "Statistically, the universe is so vast that the odds are good there's life out there. But the distances between solar systems are so great that the chances we've been visited by aliens is low, and I saw no evidence during my presidency that extraterrestrials have made contact with us. Really!"

—Feb. 19: President Donald Trumpannounces on social mediathat he's directing the Pentagon and other government agencies to identify and release files related to extraterrestrials and UFOs because of "tremendous interest." Trump accuses Obama of disclosing "classified information" and tells reporters that he doesn't know if UFOs are "real or not."

—March 31: U.S. Rep. Anna Paulina Luna requestsin a letterto Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth that the government release about four dozen videos related to UAP sightings to an oversight committee task force. "The presence of UAPs in and around the sensitive airspaces of U.S. military installations poses a threat to the security of the armed forces and their readiness," Luna writes.

Nearly a century of wondering: The American UFO saga, in reality and in fiction

UFOs, or the notion of them, have been around a long time. Here's a look at how the various iterations of the subject...
Sofia Richie Grainge Gives a Before and After Look at Baby Henry's Serene Nursery

Sofia Richie Grainge shows off her baby boy's newly renovated nursery

People Henry Grainge's nursery, Sofia Richie GraingeCredit: Sofia Richie Grainge/Instagram; Gilbert Flores/Variety via Getty

NEED TO KNOW

  • The model welcomed her son Henry with her husband Elliot Grainge on March 18

  • The couple also shares a daughter, Eloise, who was born in May 2024

Sofia Richie Graingeis enjoying the joys of motherhood.

On Friday, April 3, the 27-year-old new mom of two showed off her newborn son's brand new nursery on social media, from start to finish, after renovations.

"Henry's corner of the world 🩵," she captioned anInstagrampost, sharing the same sweet video on her Instagram Stories.

The model, who is also the daughter of legendary singerLionel Richieand his former wife Diane Alexander,announced the birth of her second child, a baby boy, on March 25.

"Henry Cecil Grainge 💙 03/18/26," Richie Grainge wrote in herInstagramcaption along with a photo of the newborn with his big sister, Eloise,who was born in May 2024. "Loves of my life."

Richie Grainge shares both children with her husband, CEO of Atlantic Records,Elliot Grainge, whom she married in 2023.

For Friday's nursery reveal, set to soft, classical music, the camera showed the early stages of baby Henry's new room — with covered flooring to avoid paint and products making stains, even ladders and tools.

After the video panned to show a proper before, the screen seamlessly transitioned to an after shot with chic light fixtures, neutral tones throughout and plenty of baby books to be read.

"This is goals! So dreamy😍 That is one lucky baby🙌," one person commented. Another confessed, "I wanna be Henry 😩😩."

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Earlier this week, Richie opened up abouthow happy he was to be a grandpa again.

Sofia Richie Grainge posts a photo of Eloise and HenryCredit: Sofia Richie Grainge/Instagram

"The beautiful part about it is that the family keeps growing and my pride keeps popping out of my chest," the singer toldUSA Todayin an interview shared on TikTok. "But it's wonderful. Everyone is happy, and that's the part I love the most. Just watching everyone blossom."

"Pop Pop is out there again," he continued. "Isn't that funny? I came here thinking I am Mr. Richie, Mr. Richie. Now I'm Papa Richie onAmerican Idol."

Richie Grainge and Grainge firstannounced they were expecting a second childin an adorable post shared to Instagram on Oct. 16. In the photo, the soon-to-be mama of two showed off a silhouette of her bare baby bump in a mirror selfie.

Elliot Grainge and Sofia Richie at the 2025 Baby2Baby GalaCredit: Michael Buckner/Variety via Getty

"On my way to launch these babies 👶🏼 +@srgatelier," she captioned the post.

In July 2025, the model spoke candidly about motherhood in aVogue"Beauty Secrets" video.

Never miss a story — sign up forPEOPLE's free daily newsletterto stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer​​, from celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.

"I thinkhaving a daughtermade me realize the importance of feeling confident without makeup," she said at the time.

"I talk to her a lot about that. I love how I'm saying I talk to her a lot about that, because she's 1 and she barely speaks, but I am convinced that she can understand me. Therefore, we have deep, deep chats about life," Richie Grainge added.

Read the original article onPeople

Sofia Richie Grainge Gives a Before and After Look at Baby Henry’s Serene Nursery

Sofia Richie Grainge shows off her baby boy's newly renovated nursery NEED TO KNOW The model welcomed her ...
20 musicians who walked away at the top—and what they did instead

Many of us have stood in front of a mirror, hairbrush in hand, imagining what it might be like to perform for a crowd of adoring fans. To some, being a pop or rock star is the ultimate dream, something to muse about at your 9-5 job. It might seem strange, then, why so many successful musicians have traded in the music limelight and lifestyle for total privacy or pivoted their careers entirely.

Stacker Singer Linda Ronstadt performs on stage at the Poplar Creek Music Theater in Hoffman Estates, Illinois in 1981. -

20 successful musicians who retired early

Look a little closer at the brutality of the music industry, and you might find it easier to sympathize with the musicians who chose to leave it all behind. Some, like Pink Floyd frontman Syd Barrett, retired at their prime due to the pressures of the spotlight; others, like Phil Collins, who performed his last show with Genesis in March 2022, were forced to end their careers due toongoing health concerns.

Of course, retirement isn't always the last word. In February 2025, Paul Simon announced that he would bereuniting forlive concertswith a smaller, more intimate "Quiet Celebrations Tour," which began in April. Elton John, who said he would never tour again after his "Farewell Yellow Brick Road" tour ended in July 2023,performed live at a benefit concertin May 2025. And then there are artists who remain strong after decades in the spotlight. In a 2015 interview, Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger said he wasn'tthinking about retirement, and 10 years later, it looks like it still hasn't crossed his mind. In fact, the bandwon a Grammy Award for Best Rock Albumat the February 2025 ceremony, and they've got anew album coming out in 2026.

All that being said, plenty of successful musicians do hang up the towel and mean it. In May 2025, country legend Alan Jackson announced hisretirement from touringamid ongoing health issues. More recently, in September 2025, health problems forced rocker Dave Mason of the band Traffic to announce that he'dno longer be touringeither. Music takes its toll over the decades, and with that in mind, it's worth honoring and remembering the artists who truly walked away from it all.Stackerdove into music history to spotlight 20 musicians who retired early, fell in love with another line of work, or simply no longer wanted to play the game.

Each artist had to quit music entirely and change their career to qualify for this list. Artists and acts like Billy Joel, who has yet to release new albums but tours regularly, were excluded because music remains their primary career. Seeing as only a few artists who step away ever stay off the stage for good, occasional special appearances didn't disqualify musicians from making the list.

Neil Peart of Rush performing on stage. -

Neil Peart

Often considered one of the most virtuosic drummers in rock history, Neil Peart gave the prog-rock band Rush a distinctive and pummeling edge. Peart was also responsible for many of the band's highfalutin and philosophicallyrics. Rush played its last show together in 2015 before it was revealed in the band's documentary, "Time Stand Still," that Peart had been suffering immense pain and had to retire consequently.

Linda Ronstadt performing on stage. -

Linda Ronstadt

In acareerthat spanned 40 years and was littered with a dozen platinum records and 10 Grammys, the singing finally came to an end in 2009, when Linda Ronstadt played her final show. In 2019, the documentary "Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice" told the story of why she left. Speaking directly to the camera, Ronstadt revealed she had Parkinson's disease, which sadly robbed her of her vocal ability.

Phil Collins performing live on stage in Sydney, Australia. -

Phil Collins

Phil Collins, Genesis' drummer and the hitmaker behind "In the Air Tonight," began experiencing health-related concerns in 2009 afterinjuringthe vertebrae in his upper neck. Following a 14-year live hiatus, he joined Genesis in the fall of 2022 for its last show. Despite his visible frailty, Collins sat center stage, joking that he'd need to find a "real job" after the band's dissolution.

In a February 2025 interview with MOJO, Collins gave asad updateon making music again. "I keep thinking I should go downstairs to the studio and see what happens," he said. "But I'm not hungry for it anymore. The thing is, I've been sick, I mean very sick."

Alice Nutter of Chumbawamba performs in San Jose, California. -

Alice Nutter

Alice Nutter, perhaps best known as the operatic singer on Chumbawamba's one-hit-wonder "Tubthumping," ultimately left her musical days behind her after a 23-yearcareerto pursue writing full-time. Now in her early 60s, Nutter writes for thestage and screen. Her most recent credit is the 2023TV adaptation of "The Full Monty,"which she co-created and co-wrote.

Captain Beefheart performing live onstage. -

Captain Beefheart

Don Van Vliet, better known as Captain Beefheart, set a new template for avant-garde rock in the 1960s. By the decade's end, he had released the influential double LP "Trout Mask Replica," often considered his magnum opus. Following a slew of releases, Beefheart retired from music in 1982, disappearing from public life and into the Mojave Desert, where he spent the rest of his life painting and making visual art.

Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel performs in concert in Austin, Texas.  -

Jeff Mangum

After releasing1998's "In the Aeroplane Over the Sea," one of the most critically acclaimed albums of the 1990s, Neutral Milk Hotel's Jeff Mangum seemed to fall off the face of the Earth. Alongside the band, Mangum seemed content to depart from music and public life after only releasing two albums. In 2013, however, Neutral Milk Hotelreunited for a tourand spent two years on the road. It looked like the group might be back for good, but the pull of retirement must have been too strong for Mangum and his bandmates. In 2015, Neutral Milk Hotel announced that their spring shows would be "ourlast tour for the foreseeable future." Over ten years later, neither Mangum nor the group as a whole have performed again or released any new music.

Grace Slick performing with American rock group Jefferson Starship in New York. -

Grace Slick

As lead vocalist of Jefferson Airplane, Grace Slick was one of the most prominent figures of the 1960s psychedelic rock movement. The band's1967album "Surrealistic Pillow" achieved great commercial success, making them one of the first Bay Area bands to receive worldwide recognition. Slick departed shortly after, revealing that herageled her to quit rock 'n' roll.

Bill Withers performs on stage at the Rainbow Theatre. -

Bill Withers

A great many musicians threaten retirement throughout their careers. But rarely do any of them follow through on that promise. Unfortunately, that was the case with Bill Withers, the soul singer who produced many timeless hits during his short-lived career. Tired of touring and of his fraught relationship with his record company, Withers retired in the mid-'80s, and nothing seemed to lure him back into the limelight.

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Willa Ford performing at the Z100 School Spirit Concert at the Vanderbilt Theater in Long Island, New York -

Willa Ford

Willa Ford rose to fame at the start of the 2000s alongside Britney Spears and a boom of women pop stars. Ford's hit "I Wanna Be Bad" shot to the top of the charts in May 2001. But her follow-up singles didn't do quite so well. Ultimately, Ford traded in the microphone and stage for interior design. In 2012, she birthed her own firm,W Ford Interiors.

In June 2024, Ford said she would be releasing new music, and in October 2025, she finally dropped her new single "Burn Burn," marking her return to music after more than 20 years. Her new album, "amanda," was released in March 2026.

Kate Bush performing on stage at London Palladium. -

Kate Bush

Throughout Kate Bush's stretch from her 1978 debut "The Kick Inside" to 2011's "50 Words for Snow," the mystical singer only embarked onone tour. Following years of silence, Bush played a series of shows in London in 2014, singing songs from throughout her career. Bush, who has developed a reclusive reputation, reemerged briefly in 2022 with words ofgratitudewhen her 1985 track "Running Up That Hill (A Deal With God)" became one of the biggest tracks of the year, thanks to its inclusion in the fourth season of "Stranger Things." Bush was also inducted into the Rock Hall of Fame in 2023, though shedeclined to attend the ceremony.

Syd Barrett playing keyboards in a recording studio. -

Syd Barrett

Syd Barrett, the frontman and creative mastermind behind Pink Floyd, immediately seemed ill-equipped to deal with the fanfare of fame. Saddled with addiction, Barrett departed from Pink Floyd in1968and went on to live most of his life in relative seclusion. At 60, Barrett died of cancer, leaving behind a formidable legacy despite only a brief stint in the limelight.

John Deacon of Queen performs on stage at the Rainbow Theatre in London. -

John Deacon

John Deacon was a relative late-comer to Queen, joining the band in1971, just a year after frontman Freddie Mercury's enlistment. Responsible for hits like "Another One Bites the Dust," Deacon became integral to the band before his retirement in the early '90s, which came soon after Mercury's death in 1991.

Photo of Cindy Birdsong and the Supremes. -

Cindy Birdsong

Cindy Birdsong began her musical career as one part of Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles before gaining greater notoriety in1967when she joined the Supremes. The trio achieved stratospheric success, but that didn't stop Birdsong from leaving the group (twice) in the1970s. Birdsong's dream had always been to become a nurse, which she did soon after retiring from music.

Russell Senior performing at the Glastonbury Festival. -

Russell Senior

The wry alternative rock band Pulp put Sheffield back on the musical map toward the end of the 1980s. Sharing the stage with frontman Jarvis Cocker, the band's violinist, Russell Senior, lent the band an eccentric edge. After13 yearsin the band, Senior left Pulp in 1997 and later embarked on a career as anantique dealer.

Guitarist Jim Martin of Faith No More performs at Airport Music Hall.  -

Jim Martin

Right after the heavy metal band Faith No More released its album "Angel Dust" to critical and commercial applause, Jim Martin, the band's guitarist, left the group just at the peak of its success. After 15 years of relative silence, Martin answered a series of fan questions for a U.K.-basedblogand explained that his departure was due to no longer aligning with the band's musical direction.

Actor Jason Schwartzman on the red carpet in Rome. -

Jason Schwartzman

While you probably know him best as the indie actor in films like "Rushmore," Jason Schwartzman first earned his name as the drummer forPhantom Planet, the band behind the iconic theme song of "The O.C." He's also written music for the screen, including the theme for HBO's "Bored to Death," but with little musical output since. It may be safe to assume that Schwartzman has ultimately traded in music for acting.

Dave Rowntree with the members of Blur. -

Dave Rowntree

His music has beenplayedon both the Glastonbury main stage and on a spaceship to Mars, but Blur's drummer, Dave Rowntree, has taken a few career u-turns away from music since. In 2009, he trained as a solicitor. In 2010, he became a campaigner for the Labor party. Later, he explained that those decisions were basically "a mid-life crisis." Now, Rowntree works as a composer, and in September 2025, he published "No One You Know– Early Blur," a book of photos from Blur's earliest days.

Meg White along with her then-husband Jack White in a studio portrait for their band White Stripes, circa 2002. -

Meg White

As one half of the White Stripes, the band she co-founded withthen-husband Jack White, Meg White saw tremendous success with breakthrough singles like "Seven Nation Army" and "Fell in Love With a Girl." But following a lengthy hiatus, the White Stripes officiallyconfirmed their splitin February 2011. While Jack has continued performing, dropping his most recentsolo albumin 2024, Meg stepped away from the spotlight completely. In June 2023, a writer for ELLE documented her attempts to secure aninterview with Meg, but she was only able to to communicate with Meg's friend. "She spent 15 years traveling and touring and playing," the friend said. "It's not that odd to think that she just likes to be home."

When the White Stripes were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in November 2025, Megdid not appear at the ceremony, but Jack shared a message on her behalf. "I spoke with Meg White the other day, and she said that she's very sorry she couldn't make it here tonight, but she wanted me to tell you that she's very grateful," he said. "And to all of the folks who supported her in all the years, it really means a lot to her."

Henry Rollins performing on stage, circa 1992. -

Henry Rollins

As a musician, Henry Rollins may be best known as frontman of the hardcore band Black Flag from 1981 until the group disbanded in 1986. Rollins continued on with the Rollins Band, and also as a spoken-word artist. Over the years, Rollins has become recognized as an activist and for his TV appearances, but he's stepped away from music. In a2016 interview, he said, "For me, music was a time and a place. I never really enjoyed being in a band. It was in me and it needed to come out, like a 25-year exorcism. One day, I woke up, and I didn't have any more lyrics." More recently, in October 2024, Rollins confirmed that he wasretired from music. "I'm smart enough to not come back for the encore," he shared.

Linn Berggren along with Jonas Berggren, Ulf Ekberg, and Jenny Berggren, members of the band Ace of Base, circa 1998. -

Linn Berggren

All '90s kids remember Ace of Base hits like "All That She Wants" and "The Sign." The Swedish group, formed by siblings Jonas, Jenny, and Linn Berggrenn with Ulf Ekberg, has never disbanded, but theystopped performing togetherin the early 2000s. While most members went on to make music, Linn Berggren stepped away from the industry completely. In a 2015 ABC News catch-up with band members, Ekberg confirmed that Linn wouldnever return to Ace of Base. "She left the band and we promised her to never even ask to come back," he revealed. "She's done with [the] entertainment industry. It's understandable. It's brutal from the inside, it was not for her. She has no craving to be famous, she loved her fans, but the fame factor was not for her."

Kevin Moore of Dream Theater performing in Japan, 1992.  -

Kevin Moore

A former member of the band Dream Theater and the founder of the Chroma Key music project, Kevin Moore had an unconventional music career before leaving it behind. In a 2013interview with Fates Warning— a band whose albums Moore had collaborated on — vocalist Ray Alder said "good luck finding" Moore, before revealing that he was in his third year of medical school. Yes, Moore became a doctor. Since 2020, he's been apsychiatrist at Trinity Healthin Minot, North Dakota.

20 musicians who walked away at the top—and what they did instead

Many of us have stood in front of a mirror, hairbrush in hand, imagining what it might be like to perform for a crowd of ...
Moms for Liberty wanted a seat on the school board. Trump gave them a voice in the White House

WASHINGTON (AP) — When President Donald Trump signed an executive orderagainst transgender athleteslast year, he took a moment to thank Tina Descovich, co-founder and CEO ofMoms for Liberty.

Associated Press FILE - Moms for Liberty co-founder Tina Descovich speaks before Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump at the Moms for Liberty annual convention in Washington, Aug. 30, 2024. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein, File) Tina Descovich poses for a portrait Monday, March 23, 2026, in Washington. (AP Photo/Allison Robbert) FILE - Tina Descovich, co-founder of Moms for Liberty, speaks before Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump at a campaign rally at the Findlay Toyota Arena, Oct. 13, 2024, in Prescott Valley, Ariz. (AP Photo/Ross D. Franklin, File) FILE - Women and girls listen to President Donald Trump speak before he signs an executive order barring transgender female athletes from competing in women's or girls' sporting events, in the East Room of the White House, Feb. 5, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/ Evan Vucci, File)

Trump Moms for Liberty

Descovich was back at the White House a few months later, seated alongside CEOs of Google and IBM to weigh in onartificial intelligenceand education policy.

Last month, when first lady Melania Trump hosted a globaltechnology summitin Washington, Descovich was there, too.

Her presence at the White House underscores the meteoric rise of a group that made its name in local politics, fighting towin school board seatsand end "wokeness" in U.S. schools. What started as a fringe of far-right mothers has seen its interests collide with a presidential administration that embraces and amplifies their message, launching the group into a new level of influence in public policy.

In an interview with The Associated Press, Descovich said she has a voice in discussions aroundtransgender sports bans, AI in education, thedismantling of the Education Departmentand a campaign to enddiversity, equity and inclusion.

"We have a seat at the table in so many policy discussions throughout the administration," Descovich, who lives in Florida, said during a recent visit to Washington. "We're invited to participate in discussions and meetings where some of these things are hashed out."

Supporters say the group's trajectory speaks to the power of its "parental rights" agenda, which has become a plank of conservative politics. Critics are alarmed by its presence at the White House, saying the group promotes extreme views and undermines public schools.

Alliance with Trump offers a new lifeline after ups and downs

Founded five years ago in Florida, the organization became known for challengingclassroom instructionit deemed inappropriate for children, often involving sex, race or LGBTQ+ themes. It later turned to state capitols, securing legislation like Florida's"Don't Say Gay"law.

It claims more than 300 chapters, with sharply growing revenue flowing in from groups like theHeritage Foundationand conservative megadonors, including Richard Uihlein.

By some measures, however, its influence had appeared to be waning. School board candidates endorsed by the groupstruggled in elections, and rival liberal groups rose up to compete for power in America's suburbs.

A series of missteps fueled ridicule among opponents, including an incident in which an Indiana chapterquoted Adolf Hitlerin a parent newsletter in 2023.

Yet when Trump returned to office, the group's political fortunes swung upward. His administration charges into the same cultural battles Moms for Liberty staked its name on, including a push to keep transgender athletes out of girls' sports.

By her count, Descovich has been to the White House about a dozen times this administration.

Descovich was in attendance when Trump signed an order to overhaul the foster care system. She brought more than a dozen members to an event honoring Women's History Month in March. Co-founder Tiffany Justice was there when Trump signed an order to dismantle the Education Department.

For the Trump administration, Moms for Liberty appears to be playing a role that's often filled by groups like the National PTA, said Rick Hess, director of education policy at the conservative American Enterprise Institute think tank. As those establishment groups shy away from Trump, he said, Moms for Liberty has stepped up.

"Moms for Liberty speaks to a very active part of the MAGA community, and education has been a big part of what the administration has been focused on for the last 15 months," he said.

Behind the scenes, Descovich has been a tipster for agencies that investigate schools overtransgender sportsandbathroom policies. After meeting with Justice Department officials, she delivered more than 250 complaints, she said.

"We really are this grassroots team that's working hand-in-hand with helping move forward President Trump's agenda," she said.

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The group is carrying the momentum to Capitol Hill

Asked about its relationship with Moms for Liberty, the White House declined to offer specifics but said Trump is "the most pro-family President in history," citing his child tax credit among other initiatives.

The White House "is proud to tout these great accomplishments for American families alongside many leaders," spokesperson Olivia Wales said in a statement.

Moms for Liberty hopes to carry its momentum to Congress, too.

On a recent March morning, more than 100 members fanned out across Capitol Hill, delivering homemade cookies to lawmakers and their offices. Some brought their children, including a boy sporting a suit and red tie like Trump's.

House SpeakerMike Johnsonstopped for a photo with a few parents, and Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., posted a photo to social media of himself giving a thumbs-up alongside a Moms for Liberty member.

Members of the group call themselves "joyful warriors," a moniker that critics say disguises their anti-LGBTQ rhetoric and aggressive tactics. The group has been accused of harassing teachers and school board leaders, calling its opponents "groomers" and "predators."

Descovich dismisses the criticism. "Our motto has been, from Day One, we're joyful warriors, because we knew we needed to advocate in a way that was OK for our children to watch," she said.

Yet she doesn't shy away from a fight. The group has a deep feud with the Southern Poverty Law Center, which in 2023 labeled the parent group as "extremist."

Late last year, Descovich led a letter urging the federal government to cut ties with the SPLC. The FBI agreed to do so soon after, echoing language from her letter.

Critics say an extreme voice is getting a platform

The presence of Moms for Liberty has gained at the White House is both unsettling and unsurprising, said Seth Levi, chief program strategy officer for the SPLC.

It's "further evidence that they are more interested in platforming extremist voices and policies rather than listening to the American people, who are demanding solutions to make their lives easier and more affordable," Levi said.

The leap up to federal policy marks a new chapter in the group's evolution, said Maurice Cunningham, a former political science professor at the University of Massachusetts-Boston who tracks the organization and its relationships.

Yet he sees the group's influence as political advocacy rather than parental input. He identifies the group as a close cousin to groups like the Heritage Foundation, which has been influential in Trump's second term.

"They're in the White House, there's no question," he said. "But they are there as a voice of the organized institutional right wing."

Descovich said the relationship with Trump took root ata 2023 conventionwhere Republican presidential candidates jostled for the group's endorsement. When Trump took the stage, he called Moms for Liberty "the best thing that's ever happened to America."

Moms for Libertythrew its weightbehind Trump, and Descovich said she stayed close with his team.

The organization's latest concern is AI in the classroom, which Moms for Liberty sees as a threat to parental control over education. At a White House meeting, Descovich pushed for guardrails to ensure humans guide instruction, not algorithms.

It's also expanding its national presence with a new online training program called M4L Academy, featuring videos on "critical race theory" and other topics the group sees as taboo. And while its first trip to Congress was mostly seen as an introduction, it's gearing up for more.

"We're not really doing any lobbying for any specific bills at the federal level yet," Descovich said. "That will come next year."

Moms for Liberty wanted a seat on the school board. Trump gave them a voice in the White House

WASHINGTON (AP) — When President Donald Trump signed an executive orderagainst transgender athleteslast year, he took a m...

 

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